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St Pius V established the feast of Our Lady of Victory to thank God for the defeat of the Turks at Lepanto - a victory attributed to the praying the rosary. Pope Gregory XIII changed the name to Feast of the Holy Rosary - originally celebrated on the first Sunday in October - in 1573. Pope Clement XI extended the feast to the universal Church in 1716. And in 1913, St Pius X set the date for the feast that we know today of October 7.
The development of the prayer we know as the rosary has a long history. First a practice developed of praying 150 Our Fathers in imitation of the 150 Psalms. Then there was a parallel practice of praying 150 Hail Marys. Soon a mystery of Jesus’ life was attached to each Hail Mary. Though Mary’s giving of the rosary to Saint Dominic is recognised as a legend, the development of this prayer form owes much to the many followers of St Dominic. One of them, Alan de la Roche, was known as “the apostle of the rosary.” He founded the first Confraternity of the Rosary in the 15 th century. In the 16 th century, the rosary was developed to consist of 15 mysteries:
Joyful
Sorrowful
Glorious.
In 2002, St John Paul II added the five Mysteries of Light to this devotion.