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Angels - messengers from God - appear frequently in Scripture, but only Michael, Gabriel & Raphael are named. Michael appears in Daniel’s vision as “the great prince” who defends Israel against its enemies; in the Apocalypse, he leads God’s armies to final victory over the forces of evil. Devotion to Michael is the oldest angelic devotion, rising in the East in the 4th century. The Church in the West began to observe a feast honouring Michael and the angels in the 5th century.
Gabriel also makes an appearance in the visions of Daniel, announcing Michael’s role in God’s plan. However, his best-known appearance is an encounter with a young Jewish girl named Mary, who consents to bear the Messiah. Raphael’s activity is confined to the Old Testament story of Tobit. There he appears as a guide for Tobit’s son Tobias through a series of fantastic adventures which lead to a three-fold happy ending: Tobias’ marriage to Sarah, healing of Tobit’s blindness, and the restoration of the family fortune.
The memorials of Gabriel and Raphael were added to the Roman calendar in 1921. The 1970 revision of the calendar joined their individual feasts to Michael’s.
Each of the three archangels performs a different mission in Scripture: Michael protects; Gabriel announces; Raphael guides. Earlier belief that inexplicable events were due to the actions of these spiritual beings has given way to a more scientific world-view and a different sense of cause and effect.