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The ‘O’ Antiphons refer to the seven antiphons that are recited (or chanted) preceding the Magnificat during Vespers of the Liturgy of the Hours. They cover the special period of Advent preparation known as the Octave before Christmas, Dec. 17-23, with Dec. 24 being Christmas Eve and Vespers for that evening being for the Christmas Vigil.
The importance of O Antiphons is twofold; each one highlights a title for the Messiah:
O Sapientia (O Wisdom),
O Adonai (O Lord),
O Radix Jesse (O Root of Jesse),
O Clavis David (O Key of David),
O Oriens (O Rising Sun),
O Rex Gentium (O King of the Nations),
and O Emmanuel.
Also, each one refers to the prophecy of Isaiah of the coming of the Messiah.
Some scholars suggest that monks arranged these antiphons with a definite purpose. If one starts with the last title and takes the first letter of each one, we have: Emmanel, Rex, Orens, Clais, Radix, Adonai, Sapientia the Latin words ero cras are formed, meaning, ‘tomorrow, I will come.’
Therefore, the Lord Jesus, whose coming we prepared for in Advent and whom we have addressed in these seven Messianic titles, now speaks to us, ‘Tomorrow, I will come.’ So the O Antiphons not only bring intensity to our Advent preparation, but bring it to a joyful conclusion as well.