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Most Catholics think of St. Peter’s as the pope’s main church, but they are quite wrong. St. John Lateran is the Pope’s church, the cathedral of the Diocese of Rome where the Bishop of Rome presides.
The first basilica on the site was built in the 4th century when Constantine donated land he had received from the wealthy Lateran family. That structure and those following it have suffered fire, earthquake, and the ravages of war, but the Lateran remains the church in which the popes were consecrated. In the 14th century when the papacy returned to Rome from Avignon, the church and the adjoining palace were found to be in ruins.
It was Pope Innocent X who commissioned the present structure in 1646. One of Rome’s most imposing churches, the Lateran’s towering facade is crowned with 15 colossal statues of Christ, John the Baptist, John the Evangelist, and 12 of the doctors of the Church.
Beneath its high altar rest the remains of the small wooden table on which tradition holds St. Peter himself celebrated Mass.