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John Henry Newman, the 19th century’s most important English Catholic theologian, spent the first half of his life as an Anglican and the second half as a Catholic.
Born in London, he studied at Oxford, was a tutor at Oriel College, and for 17 years was vicar of the university church.
Historical research made Newman suspect that the Catholic Church was in closest continuity with the Church that Jesus established. In 1845, he became a Catholic. Two years later he was ordained a priest and joined the Oratorians, founded by St Philip Neri. Newman founded Oratory houses in Birmingham and London and for seven years served as rector of the Catholic University of Ireland.
Newman eventually wrote 40 books and 21,000 letters that survive. Most famous are his book-length Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine and Apologia Pro Vita Sua - his spiritual autobiography up to 1864.
When Newman was named a cardinal in 1879, he took as his motto “Cor ad cor loquitur” - Heart speaks to heart.” He died 11 years later. When his grave was exhumed in 2008, a new tomb was prepared at the Oratory church in Birmingham.
In 2010, Pope Benedict XVI beatified Newman Benedict noting Newman’s emphasis on the vital place of revealed religion in civilized society, but also praised his pastoral zeal for the sick, the poor, the bereaved, and those in prison. Pope Francis canonized him in October 2019.