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St Irenaeus’ writings entitle him to a high place among the fathers of the Church, because they not only laid the foundations of our Christian theology but, by exposing and refuting the errors of the gnostics, they delivered the Catholic Faith from the real danger of heretical doctrine.
He was probably born about the year 125, in one of the maritime provinces of Asia Minor where the memory of the apostles was still clearly cherished and where Christians were numerous. He was most influenced by St. Polycarp who had known the apostles along with their immediate disciples Many Asian priests and missionaries had brought the gospel to the pagan Gauls and founded a local church. To this church of Lyon, Irenaeus came to serve as a priest under its first bishop, St. Pothinus, an oriental like himself. In the year 177, Irenaeus was sent to Rome. This mission explains how it was that he was not called upon to share in the martyrdom of St Pothinus during the terrible persecution in Lyons. When he returned to Lyons it was to occupy the vacant bishopric. By this time the persecution was now over. It was the spread of gnosticism in Gaul, and the ravages it was making among the Christians of his diocese, that inspired him to undertake the task of exposing its errors.
He produced a treatise in five books in which he set forth fully the inner doctrines of the various sects, and afterwards contrasts them with the teaching of the Apostles and the text of the Holy Scripture. His work was widely circulated and succeeded in dealing a death -blow to gnosticism.